Nobel scientists to immune systems

The Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded this year to the American Bruce Beutler, the Luxemburger Jules Hoffmann and the Canadian Ralph Steinman.


This has the Nobel Committee said Monday.

Beutler, Hoffmann and Steinman will be honored for their research on immune systems. Beutler, and Hoffman have the effect of the so-called natural immunity examined, and Steinman discovered dendritic cells, which play an important role in the immune system.
The three scientists were so closely involved in unraveling the workings of the human immune system. That protects the body against harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses, but also plays such a role in the early fighting cancer.

immunity

The first line of our defense is the innate immunity. This system generates inflammatory reactions and destroy invaders. Survive the first attack the intruder, then the specific immune system in action.

Called T and B cells produce antibodies and killer cells that infected cells rotate the neck. After eliminating the immune system remembers the intruder using memory cells.

antenna

Thanks to the discoveries of Nobel laureates known how antibodies are produced and how T cells recognize foreign substances in the body. Steinman discovered the so-called dendritic cells, a cell with antennae that scan the environment and pieces of foreign material to other immune cells present. To turn this cell specific antibodies in motion.

Nobel Prizes

The award is the first Nobel Prize for Medicine this year awarded. The next day follow in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economics.

The Nobel Prize for Medicine went last year to the Englishman Robert Edwards. He has in-vitro fertilization (IVF) program. In 1924 and in 1929 the prize was awarded to Dutch researchers.

  

"Sleep deprivation impairs adolescent brain

A chronic lack of sleep during adolescence not only creates feckless adolescents. It also may lead to permanent damage in the brain.

"If you sleep too much during adolescence, especially chronic, can have permanent consequences for the compounds in the brains.

The brain develops during adolescence is hugely: it will form new synapses and are also broken down. "Says Dr. Chiara Cirelli of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

synapse

A synapse is a space in the connection between nerve cells. In this space bring neurotransmitters messages. In adult rodents and flies during sleep synapses are weaker and smaller.

This is likely to prepare them for the waking hours in which the synapses back stronger and bigger by new experiences and information.

research

The researchers compared mice that were allowed to sleep with adolescent mice were kept awake. They followed the formation and breakdown of the number of synapses by counting dendritic spines: these spines contain synapses and allow brain cells to receive signals from other brain cells.

In the mouse brains, there was a difference between sleeping and waking. The density of dendritic spines decreased during sleep and increased during wakefulness.

results

"This result shows that how long you sleep or lie awake affects the synapse. The important question is what happens when you are chronically sleep, something that many adolescents do.

The consequences of sleep deprivation can be benign, temporary and reversible, "Cirelli says," but it is growing up and functioning of the brains also change permanently. "


 

Children too salty snacks

BAARN - The children's versions of chips, pretzels and sweet cake is sometimes two to three times as much salt as in products for adults, according to research by the Consumers.


Manufacturers use salt to enhance flavor. Children who eat too much salt run by kidney greater risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. And children who are early accustomed to much salt, probably eat as adults are more salt.

The children Nibbit chips with 0.91 grams of salt per bag of 25 grams is almost three times as salty as natural Lay's chips. An Evergreen League strawberry milk contains three times as much salt as a league grapes of the same brand.

The Prince and the Mini Stars LU Ernst, Bobbie and the rest of biscuits Patria do poorly.

advice

Products do not need much salt salt to taste. Cookies can also be high in salt. It is not only in snacks, but also in everyday products such as bread.

The Nutrition Center for Children recommends a low maximum amount of salt per day. For children between 1 and 3 years is 3 grams, for 4 to 6 years 4 grams and for 7 to 10 years preferably below 5 grams. Above this age is 6 grams of salt a maximum daily dose.

On the label you can see how much salt there is in a product. Salt is often listed as sodium. 0.4 grams of sodium, 1 gram of salt. So multiply sodium by 2.5 to know how many grams of salt it is.

Product of the Month in July 2009

We love to shop, you too? It is a pity that usually have time to go into town. So we often go shopping surfing - we call it here 'woppen' (combination of Web shopping) - and see all kinds of office chairs from our products on our screen shoot. Cool products, interesting, boring, clever, stupid, special, marching all over. We want to share with you.
Every month we put a product into the limelight that we believe he stands out, special, or just awfully nice to have.

This month focus on ...

Bag or diaper bag

When your baby arrives, of course you want him to explore the wide world and socializing on the move. Obviously not a problem, but it is a very useful and another to bring! Your handbag is somewhat clumsy and too small to determine all those jars, snacks, diapers and wipes in the store. Fortunately there are very handy - and even elegant - care bags for sale.
This example Slingtot Floral Sky Fleurville bag! Quite a mouthful, but it was worth something!

The hip is a large bag Slingtote both by a shoulder strap and two handles to carry. He is also easy to attach to the stroller through the two supplied mounting straps.
Obviously the Slingtote fully equipped, including a changing pad, fully waterproof on the outside, single bottle holder with insulation, key, multiple handy pockets and a separate compartment for wipes.
Available in trendy colors and designs.

Product of the Month September 2009

We love to shop, you too? It is a pity that usually have time to go into town. So we often go shopping surfing - we call it here 'woppen' (combination of Web shopping) - and see all kinds of office chairs from our products on our screen shoot. Cool products, interesting, boring, clever, stupid, special, marching all over. We want to share with you.
Every month we put a product into the limelight that we believe he stands out, special, or just awfully nice to have.

This month focus on ...

All for all and all for one

On you and you with Mr. Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, the man who now wants to compete against Google. With the help of the world.

The nice thing about living in San Francisco is not the weather. Most people believe that the sun always seems the people here and most of the time lying on the beach - after all we are talking about California. And then they get flown to run in shorts and T-shirts through the city and away from the ubiquitous cold summer fog various body parts. All these people had said you are better off in Florida, Las Vegas or San Diego.

No, the beauty of San Francisco - next to the Golden Gate, Sausalito and Tiburon, Angel Iceland, Berkeley and many other things that have nothing to do with the topic of this blog - are the proximity to Silicon Valley and the fact that there are facilities such as the Commonwealth Club is. In this venerable institution, now 101 years old, look past all sorts of exciting people, give lectures and giving interviews, and if you're lucky, you can chat to them afterwards to say hello and a little bit.

Jimmy Wales on Wednesday was at the Commonwealth Club, the founder of Wikipedia. He sat in a chair on stage and corresponded entirely to the image of the inconspicuous Internet mogul, as he was recently described in the magazine "Fast Company": a 40-year-old former Wall Street trader, soon came to prosperity, it is can afford to run his online encyclopedia project as a lover. (Wikipedia is a nonprofit foundation, and Wales receives no salary.) Jimmy Donal Wales this loves it casually, called like "Jimbo", speaks in a gentle voice, never misses an opportunity to rave with glowing eyes of his young daughter, and ostentatiously wearing no shirt, but a T-shirt under the jacket.

But there is a second Jimmy Wales - one that just does not like sitting still without a jacket and trousers on stage and its ambitions by the success of Wikipedia is far from satisfied. This Jimmy Wales, the former financial manager, has big steps: First, he wants his company Wikia - can earn the money, can and should, unlike the Wikipedia Foundation - to build a kind of digital publishing community. He calls it "the rest of the library to fill" - where the role of the Great Wikipedia, the Brockhaus' takes and the many, many wikis that arise just from around the world, meet the individual books in the library.

There are (according to Wikipedia) is currently over 3000 wikis in over 50 languages, on a wide range of topics, ranging from autism on Lego and the Muppets to World of Warcraft - currently the most popular wiki of all. "It's fantastic, what with things the rest of the library is filled," says the head of a member, means for each new topic you money, because it allowed his company to all the wiki pages that fill its users to view . switch

Ironically, these ads are marketed through Google - precisely those company who wants to take Wales into the next sighting, with a search engine that operates on the principle of community. About the way he did, unfortunately, less than elicit the why: "For me there is almost a political statement," said Wales. "It is a statement about what we should expect as a citizen of the world of search engines that direct most of the traffic on the Internet." Google, Yahoo & Co. are hermetically sealed for him, companies that can not look at the cards - what it must be said, good reasons are: The search engines keep the methods by which they evaluate and Hit List, and even so largely secret because there are far too many operators of websites out there that try to artificially boost its popularity, so as to make the hit list next to land up.
Wales is believed that search engine spamming is the lesser evil and overcome with the help of the community makes. "We should have some degree of openness, transparency, and opportunity to get involved expect," he cautions. "All this is extremely important." So why now to begin his attempt at a sort of "Wikihoogle" search engine against the established competition. "I think we can build something, and I want the web community comes together to try it," says Wales. The "Fast Company" has already declaring him to "Google's worst nightmare" is, but then it unpleasant. "My mother bought the same ten books," Wales told the audience into laughter at the Commonwealth Club, "but I feel in this role as a Google killer probably not." Right now stand, the project "at the very beginning."

Klein has also started, however once his Wikipedia, and look at what's become of it: More than six million records in over 130 languages, the online encyclopedia one day and on the number of visitors is counted as the ninth most popular site on the Internet. Well, 280,000 people participate in the project in one way or another - a voluntary, unpaid. The Wikimedia Foundation, which keeps the busy site running, while only seven employees. "The ninth-largest site, with seven full-time jobs, which is a ratio, with no one else can match", is pleased to Wales.

However, the popularity has a downside: The cost for the computers that store all the dictionary entries, and the data lines that serve all the visitors - these costs are rising as fast as the popularity of Wikipedia. Last year was the Wikimedia Foundation spent about a million dollars, "primarily for hardware and data traffic," and this year it will probably be two to three million. Nevertheless, Wales is not worried that the foundation could slip into the Meanies - he had so many friends in Silicon Valley, he said following his official website that he actually would run only with the collection bag through the valley of the art to provide sufficient raise money, it should sometime be tight. But then it does not currently see out anyway, because the donations grow as well.
Whether he, a successful Wall Street man and entrepreneur who Wikimedia Stifung also give yourself a little, I wanted to know. Wales hesitated for a moment, smiled mischievously and said: "Money is not - just my life." Again true.

4 reasons why we overeat

Overeating is an addiction. Often this is because you think you have enough willpower not to eat too much, but the causes are usually deeper.

The first step is therefore to find out where these causes are. This article find the four most common reasons why we overeat.
Overeating represses emotions

In our culture it is normal to stop your emotions away and not buy her walk. We need to show a smile, even though we do not want to.

Negative emotions such as fear, sadness and anger, we stop off because we have not learned how these emotions in a healthy way to process.

Because food in our affluent country in abundance, we can gorge ourselves with all sorts of products to these negative emotions away again. Food is a spiritual tool rather than a physical requirement.
Overeating fills a void

Overeating is often a spiritual filling function. Example, if you've had many relationships, but they always run piece, it is possible that you shut yourself to new relationships.

The lack of a relationship with some then filled with food.
Overeating since it can not others

It's in human genes against domination by others about you to go. Therefore, if someone says you can not do something, then you do it right.

Certainly in our culture where fat, sugar and carbohydrates are almost forbidden to eat, see a strong dichotomy. On one side the ultra healthy people who never eat anything wrong or too much, and on the other hand, the people who try but fail to every healthy diet to maintain.

It is often said that you can not eat something, or you are not allowed to eat too much, it constantly in your head remains haunting. The risk of overeating is magnified exponentially.
Overeating since it can

One of the biggest problems in losing weight, it is not taking responsibility for your own actions. Do you really think you can not control your diet, and that you have no choice? Or do you just eat too much?

The fact remains that you do have this control, you just have to convince yourself that you can put into practice. Here no one can really help because you need to do it yourself.

What are you the cause of overeating, by identifying what exactly is it you can go fight for your life to throw. Too much food can not be solved with a diet. You solve it by your lifestyle changes.