Less heart disease with higher testosterone

The more testosterone a man in his old body, the less likely he is to deal with heart disease such as heart attack or stroke.

According to a Swedish study, published Tuesday in the scientific Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

The study, which was conducted among 2400 Swedish men aged 70 to 89 years, according to the researchers, however, no direct correlation between testosterone and heart disease. For example, certain conditions such as obesity, testosterone levels in the body lowering.

Hence, low testosterone can be seen as a warning, because it apparently is related to other factors, the researchers said. 

Possible health problems in a premature

Premature infants have their premature birth more likely to have health. They mainly suffer respiratory problems and brain haemorrhage. Circulatory problems and digestive system are also found. Sometimes, this ensures that a premature reduction develops a lasting, but not necessary. Because not every premature baby (severe) complicaties.Hoe longer the baby in the womb has spent (duration of pregnancy) even more beneficial! Later in life distinguish preterm children with little or no 'on time' births. The following health concerns are among the most common problems.

• Respiratory

Premature infants often irregular and shallow breathing, or they sometimes forget to breathe (apnea). Apnea of prematurity is caused by an incomplete development of the brain area that controls breathing. In addition, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) often. (Read more about RDS Merck: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec23/ch264/ch264g.html)
In this case, the baby will need extra oxygen, it will sometimes surfactant (a = complex proteins and fats) administration and in severe cases, premature mechanical ventilation. Of breathing to keep a close eye on the baby is connected to a monitor respiration and heart rate monitors. Severe RDS can (among others) lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) BPD is a common lung disease in premature infants, especially in those of less than 1000 grams birth weight.

• Heart

The transition from the fetal circulation to a normal circulation in premature infants can cause problems. If the ductus arteriosus (a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery) does not close, the fetal circulatory system remain. This will be treated with medication, oxygen therapy or surgery.

• Gastrointestinal

In premature infants, the peristalsis (the movement of the intestine) less. The stool can therefore irregular. Depending on the gestational age will total parenteral nutrition (intravenous) or enteral nutrition should be administered with a bottle. Breast milk is also great on the tube or bottle should be given.

• Liver

The liver of a premature baby is often not ripe. Hyperbilirubinaemia (physiological jaundice) is therefore very common. Treatment may include phototherapy, the baby is placed under a blue light. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of red blood cells from the blood by the liver is removed. Because the liver is immature, this process is affected. Bilirubin in the skin rather than going through the bowel removed. Thus, the baby yellow. Also in 'on time' for children born will see yellow. High levels of bilirubin can cause irreversible neurological damage. In rare cases a blood transfusion necessary.


• Infections

The immune system is often a premature less than full-term babies, and thus has a lower resistance to infections. Hygiene in the NICU is very important.


• Regulating Temperature

In premature infants the temperature regulation requires extra attention. These kids have a relatively large skin surface area, low fat and a thermo-regulating system is not functioning properly. Premature infants are therefore in an incubator. This can create the ideal room temperature. This fluid loss and infection in the baby's limited. Is not optimal they can cool down very quickly and even under refrigeration.


• Premature infants Rethinopathie


ROP is a condition that can develop in the retina of premature babies. A disturbance occurs in the retina in the growth of normal blood vessels. This can lead to abnormal blood vessels in the retina which can attract local and eventually making it completely loose. Indeed, the retina begins to develop in the sixteenth week of pregnancy and after nine months. In preterm infants, the development or not yet completed and therefore the chance of pregnancy increases with shorter Rethinopathie has geduurd.Toeding of surfactant (see respiratory problems) would reduce the risk of severe retinopathy.