Less heart disease with higher testosterone

The more testosterone a man in his old body, the less likely he is to deal with heart disease such as heart attack or stroke.

According to a Swedish study, published Tuesday in the scientific Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

The study, which was conducted among 2400 Swedish men aged 70 to 89 years, according to the researchers, however, no direct correlation between testosterone and heart disease. For example, certain conditions such as obesity, testosterone levels in the body lowering.

Hence, low testosterone can be seen as a warning, because it apparently is related to other factors, the researchers said. 

Men 'more vulnerable' to diabetes

British researchers have shown why men are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. They are simply biologically prone to this condition.


The research team from Glasgow University concluded that men with a much lower BMI already developing type 2 diabetes than women.

Probably the distribution of body fat an important role. Men store fat in their liver and around their waist. Women have relatively more "safe" subcutaneous fat stored on the hips and thighs.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by impaired blood sugar. This disturbance is associated with excessive fat in the relevant organs like the liver and muscles.

The data from 51,920 men and 43,137 women with diabetes in Scotland for the study. The results showed that the diagnosis of diabetes in men with a mean BMI of 31.83 was set. In women it was 33.69.

"Only definition of ADHD"

A major cause of ADHD is a hypersensitivity to normal diet. Diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are so dire need of renovation. That says researcher Lynn Pelsser the ADHD Research Centre.


ADHD is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder. The exact cause is unclear, probably hereditary and environmental factors play a role.

Treatment consists mainly of medication yet. More research into the cause of ADHD is urgently needed so that it can be prevented, Pelsser writes in her thesis.

From this and earlier studies indicate that ADHD and defiant and insolent behavior in sixty percent of children are caused by ordinary food.

Earlier this year Pelsser published the results of its investigation into the effects of a special diet, the diet-RED, the leading scientific journal The Lancet.

RED Diet

The RED-diet is a diet of individual footing. All foods that children might respond, they may not eat for five weeks. This allows you to determine whether diet influences behavior.

If so, individual foods one by one again added to the diet. Then turns to what specific foods an individual child reacts with ADHD behaviors.

Pelsser argues that the current definition of ADHD no longer meet. These should be replaced by food-induced (FI) on the one hand and classic ADHD ADHD on the other, depending on the reaction of the child to the RED-diet.

effect

"The effect of diet on ADHD appears to be greater than the effect of medication. Moreover, the diet throughout the day, while medication in the morning is not yet operational and evening already been worked out." Pelsser says.

Therefore, the diet according to its standard to be applied in the diagnosis of ADHD. With sixty percent of the children will then show that there is FI-ADHD, and these children would adjust their diet should be part of the treatment.


  

Nobel scientists to immune systems

The Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded this year to the American Bruce Beutler, the Luxemburger Jules Hoffmann and the Canadian Ralph Steinman.


This has the Nobel Committee said Monday.

Beutler, Hoffmann and Steinman will be honored for their research on immune systems. Beutler, and Hoffman have the effect of the so-called natural immunity examined, and Steinman discovered dendritic cells, which play an important role in the immune system.
The three scientists were so closely involved in unraveling the workings of the human immune system. That protects the body against harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses, but also plays such a role in the early fighting cancer.

immunity

The first line of our defense is the innate immunity. This system generates inflammatory reactions and destroy invaders. Survive the first attack the intruder, then the specific immune system in action.

Called T and B cells produce antibodies and killer cells that infected cells rotate the neck. After eliminating the immune system remembers the intruder using memory cells.

antenna

Thanks to the discoveries of Nobel laureates known how antibodies are produced and how T cells recognize foreign substances in the body. Steinman discovered the so-called dendritic cells, a cell with antennae that scan the environment and pieces of foreign material to other immune cells present. To turn this cell specific antibodies in motion.

Nobel Prizes

The award is the first Nobel Prize for Medicine this year awarded. The next day follow in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economics.

The Nobel Prize for Medicine went last year to the Englishman Robert Edwards. He has in-vitro fertilization (IVF) program. In 1924 and in 1929 the prize was awarded to Dutch researchers.

  

"Sleep deprivation impairs adolescent brain

A chronic lack of sleep during adolescence not only creates feckless adolescents. It also may lead to permanent damage in the brain.

"If you sleep too much during adolescence, especially chronic, can have permanent consequences for the compounds in the brains.

The brain develops during adolescence is hugely: it will form new synapses and are also broken down. "Says Dr. Chiara Cirelli of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

synapse

A synapse is a space in the connection between nerve cells. In this space bring neurotransmitters messages. In adult rodents and flies during sleep synapses are weaker and smaller.

This is likely to prepare them for the waking hours in which the synapses back stronger and bigger by new experiences and information.

research

The researchers compared mice that were allowed to sleep with adolescent mice were kept awake. They followed the formation and breakdown of the number of synapses by counting dendritic spines: these spines contain synapses and allow brain cells to receive signals from other brain cells.

In the mouse brains, there was a difference between sleeping and waking. The density of dendritic spines decreased during sleep and increased during wakefulness.

results

"This result shows that how long you sleep or lie awake affects the synapse. The important question is what happens when you are chronically sleep, something that many adolescents do.

The consequences of sleep deprivation can be benign, temporary and reversible, "Cirelli says," but it is growing up and functioning of the brains also change permanently. "


 

Children too salty snacks

BAARN - The children's versions of chips, pretzels and sweet cake is sometimes two to three times as much salt as in products for adults, according to research by the Consumers.


Manufacturers use salt to enhance flavor. Children who eat too much salt run by kidney greater risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. And children who are early accustomed to much salt, probably eat as adults are more salt.

The children Nibbit chips with 0.91 grams of salt per bag of 25 grams is almost three times as salty as natural Lay's chips. An Evergreen League strawberry milk contains three times as much salt as a league grapes of the same brand.

The Prince and the Mini Stars LU Ernst, Bobbie and the rest of biscuits Patria do poorly.

advice

Products do not need much salt salt to taste. Cookies can also be high in salt. It is not only in snacks, but also in everyday products such as bread.

The Nutrition Center for Children recommends a low maximum amount of salt per day. For children between 1 and 3 years is 3 grams, for 4 to 6 years 4 grams and for 7 to 10 years preferably below 5 grams. Above this age is 6 grams of salt a maximum daily dose.

On the label you can see how much salt there is in a product. Salt is often listed as sodium. 0.4 grams of sodium, 1 gram of salt. So multiply sodium by 2.5 to know how many grams of salt it is.

Apple worse for teeth than cola

An apple can eat four times as damaging to your teeth as fizzy drinks. Also wine and beer are not good for your teeth.
Photo: Gezondheidsnet

The researchers looked for an association between dental erosion and nutrition in more than 1000 people between 18 and 30 years.

She looked at damage to the enamel and dentin. People who eat apples, nearly four times as much damage to the dentin. Soda drinkers did not have increased risk.

acids

Even fruit juice, wine and beer will damage the teeth, but to a lesser extent than apples. An apple can contain four teaspoons of sugar, which increases the acidity in the mouth. These acids cause dental erosion.

"It's not just about what we eat but how we eat. Apples are naturally healthy, but if you eat slowly damages the high acidity of apples your teeth." Said Professor David Bartlett of King's College London Dental Institute.

tips

It's safe to continue eating apples. The researchers recommend a glass of milk to drink or eat some cheese with your apple, because the calcium from milk and cheese neutralizes the acid from the apple. Drinking water after you've eaten an apple helps, because the water washes away the harmful acid.

Also brush your teeth before you eat or drink sour protects the teeth. Fruit juices are best with a drinking straw, so that less acid comes into contact with your teeth.